One cubic yard ≈ one ton: weight runs out first
The trade's rule of thumb fits on one line: for soil, concrete, brick and asphalt, one cubic yard weighs about one ton. The rest of the jobsite — wood, drywall, furniture — fills its box well before reaching that kind of weight; these four materials do the opposite.
The rule holds for the material as it actually leaves: concrete broken into pieces, not poured concrete. The voids between the pieces — 35 to 45% of the volume — bring the loose density down to about 2,100 lb per cubic yard, the same order of magnitude as soil. What counts is the density of the real load, never that of the intact slab.
The consequence shows up at the truck: with these materials, the legal load is reached well before the box is full. Weight runs out first, never volume — and that is what explains everything else: the single size, the fill line and the price by weight.